Wednesday, September 24, 2008

Genitalia & Circumcision

Baby Girl
There may be some mucus from the vagina and even blood (pseudo-menstruation). This is caused by hormonal changes and is nothing to worry about.

Baby Boy
The testicles may seem quite large, but this is normal.

Important: The tip of the penis is covered by the foreskin to protect the tip of the penis. Do not try to throw again. When the child is older, the body loosens and can easily be dragged back to washing under the foreskin.
Circumcision
Hospital circumcision: If you choose to have her baby circumcised, that can be done in the hospital before you and your baby go home.

Outpatient circumcision: Sometimes a child is circumcised in the first few weeks in the doctor's office or outpatient department of the hospital.


How is this done: There are 2 different ways to circumcise a baby.

1 The doctor can use a Plastibell pressing the foreskin from a plastic ring and a chain so tight that the foreskin of the rim dries, shrivels, then falls away.
2 The doctor uses a metal clamp (gomco). It takes about 15 minutes, and then the penis is wrapped in gauze covered with petroleum jelly. It was sore for a few days and the tip of the penis will be dark and lined with perhaps a little yellow mucus that appear. In a few days, the baby will be back to normal.

There is a possible way to reduce pain to the baby through freezing (dorsal penile block). It is possible that this request from your doctor before the procedure. It is possible in the future using a special cream to reduce pain.
The Debate
Circumcision: Yes

* Father is circumcised
* Easy to clean
* You may need a circumcision later if, for example, there is an infection

Circumcision: No

* At present, many infants are not
* Easy to clean when we know how and when
* Possibility of infection is small - there can be no infection or bleeding problems after any operation

Circumcision: Yes

* It is possible that less chance of infection of urine
* Less chance of getting cancer of the penis
* Possibly less likely to get sex cervical cancer

Circumcision: No

* It hurts! If the penis sensitive diaper touches the skin, may be an ulcer or even scars that baby urine
* A doctor may do an imperfect job
* Penile cancer only seen in very elderly
* Possible decreased sensitivity in the penis in adulthood

Children & Allergies

Allergies are common - affecting as much as 30 percent of the population in North America. If you are lucky enough not to have allergies yourself, it is unlikely that you do not know someone affected by this growing phenomenon.

Despite its prevalence, allergies are awful. There are many things that can trigger allergic reactions, and many different ways allergies can show themselves. That said, many symptoms are wrongly attributed to allergies. It is important to understand the difference. People with lactose intolerance, for example, often feel they have an allergy to milk. (Lactose is a sugar found in milk.) The inability to digest milk sugars, however, is in no way connected to the much more severe allergy to milk proteins.


What are allergies, any way?
Medical professionals defined as an allergy to an immune-mediated, hypersensitivity reaction. Its when your immune system mediated by a physical reaction to a substance which causes no symptoms in most people. (Not immune reactions, such as food intolerances, allergies are not.)

With food allergies, there is always the possibility of serious or life-threatening reactions, which is not the case with other forms of food intolerance.

Although life-threatening reactions may not be as common allergies to the environment, which can trigger asthma attacks or severe debilitating nasal and eye symptoms in allergic people. Some non-allergic triggers such as viral infections and smoke snuff, can also induce severe respiratory symptoms in patients with asthma or other chronic lung diseases.


Tendency to develop allergies
The tendency to develop allergies run strongly in families, although allergies themselves are not inherited. For example, we commonly see children with peanut allergy whose parents have asthma or allergic rhinitis. These conditions are obviously very different triggered by allergens.
If one parent is allergic a person, his son has about a 30 percent chance of developing allergies. If both parents are allergic, that risk may approach 80 percent.

Difficult to predict and preventWhile they are very good at diagnosing and managing allergies, we are not very good at predicting allergies and are terrible in the prevention of allergies.
In the past, we hoped to reduce the allergic sensitization through diet and various manipulations of the environment during pregnancy and early childhood. For the most part, however, these attempts have failed to impact long-term results, and is no longer widely recommended.
Currently, the only universal we make recommendations to the families most at risk is to avoid the smoke of snuff in the environment, and to nurse the babies four to six months. All other attempts at intervention have proven ineffective.


Various allergic disorders
There are a number of different allergic disorders, all of which fall within the same general category referred to as atopy. These include asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema and food allergies, along with other, less common phenomena atopic.

Anaphylaxis - a dangerous allergic reaction
A bass, treble, the whole body and often life-threatening reaction to an allergen is known as anaphylaxis. It is most commonly seen with food allergies, drug allergies or allergies to insect bites.
Fortunately, fatal anaphylaxis is not too common, with 10 deaths per year in Canada's food and insect allergies.


Allergies in progress
Allergies have increased over the past 50 years. While there are a number of possible contributing factors, the exact cause of this epidemic remains unclear.

Some current estimates:
* Up to 10 to 15 percent of children are affected with asthma.
* As many of five to 10 per cent are affected with atopic eczema.
* Up to two to four percent of children are affected with food allergies.
* Up to 20 to 30 percent of the general population is allergic rhinitis or hay fever.

The 'allergic March "refers to the well-recognized progression of allergic eczema and / or food allergies in children, for allergic asthma in young children and allergic rhinitis in many school-age children affected.


Common allergens
Although almost any foreign protein has the potential to induce an allergic reaction in a susceptible person, there is a relatively small number of common allergens responsible for the vast majority of allergic reactions.

Food allergens
Among patients with food allergies, nine of foods are responsible for approximately 90 percent of allergic reactions: eggs, milk, wheat and soybeans are most common in children, and peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish and sesame seeds are the most problematic for older children and adults.

Currently estimated that one to two per cent of the population is allergic to peanuts and a similar number of adults allergic to shellfish.

People with food allergies must strictly avoid the food you are allergic to. Fortunately, most children outgrow allergies to eggs, milk, wheat and soybeans. While only 20 percent of peanut-allergic children seem to develop tolerance over time, it still offers some hope for affected families.

It seems that 85 to 90 percent of children with food allergies will be allergic to one meal only. Being allergic to food more than three is relatively rare.

Environmental allergens
There are huge regional differences in Canada in the rates of awareness when it comes to environmental allergens:

* While allergies to house dust mites are very common in hot, humid environments, such as southern Ontario and British Columbia, the levels of dust mites are very low in arid grasslands. Allergies to dust mites are, therefore, quite rare in the prairies.
* Ambrosía allergen is a hugely problematic in central and eastern Canada, but not a concern to the west of Ontario.
* Outdoor mold spores are important allergens through the meadows, but much less on the coasts.

Sensitization to cat allergen is strongly associated with asthma across Canada, while the dog allergens seem to be less of a problem overall. Patients with allergies to horses commonly report very severe symptoms of exposure, rather than to other allergens, for reasons unclear.


The symptoms of allergy
Symptoms of an allergic reaction vary considerably from person to person and depends on many factors.

The symptoms of food allergy
Food allergies are often easy to identify. Constantly develop symptoms within minutes to one hour after exposure:

* Urticaria.
* Bloating.
* Choking.
* Vomiting.
* Shortness of breath.

As many as 35 per cent of children with moderate to severe allergic eczema may have a trigger in the diet. Some of these may be more difficult to identify in this age group. In older children, the trigger is usually clear, and easily confirmed by an allergist.

Environment allergy symptoms
Environment commonly trigger allergies nasal or eye symptoms:

* Sneezing fits.
* Runny nose profuse.
* Itchy, watery or red eyes.

In patients with asthma, exposure to known allergens can trigger:

* Coughing fits.
* Wheezing.
* Shortness of breath.

Unfortunately, environmental allergies may also be more subtle, with the induction of chronic exposure to low-level inflammation of the airways that is not so obvious. This can manifest itself as:

* A long-term trend colds.
* Recurrent ear or sinus infections.
* 'Twitchy' airways.
* Coughing or wheezing easily with viral infections or after vigorous activities. Children with asthma often cough without wheezing, and any child who coughs frequently during the night, with physical activity, or after laughing and crying should be assessed taking into account this factor. Coughing to the point of gagging or vomiting is a classic sign of childhood asthma.


Confirming Allergies
Confirming the diagnosis of an allergy is relatively easy. You or your child may be referred by your family doctor or pediatrician for a certified allergist, who is trained in the diagnosis and management of allergic conditions.

After taking a detailed personal, family and environmental history, your allergist may decide to conduct the skin and / or blood tests to confirm or refute the suspicions of allergic triggers.

The test is fairly accurate when conducted and interpreted properly. Unfortunately, the evidence can be misleading in some cases. Testing for food allergies in the absence of a clinical history of support, for example, is associated with a high rate of false positives and may lead to inadequate dietary restrictions.

Ultimately, the "gold standard" for any diagnosis of allergy is a problem controlled, although this may not be feasible or safe, depending on the allergen involved and the severity of symptoms to exposure.


The treatment of allergies
Once an allergy is confirmed, the first step in management is always evasion. While this is absolutely essential with food allergies, you may not always be possible or practical to environmental allergens.

There are many effective strategies to reduce exposure to house dust mites and their allergens, and it is possible to reduce exposure to the interior FURRER allergens animals - mostly generated by the relocation of the pet.

It is very difficult to reduce exposure to allergens outdoor season, and there will still be other sources of exposure to allergens in the environment at work or school, and in the homes of friends and family.

Once the environment is optimized to the extent possible, attention to the prevention of allergen-induced changes inflammation and other symptoms - acute and chronic.

Today we have a wide range of safe, effective treatment options for children and adults with allergies. Most patients can be treated safely and successfully, so if you or someone in your family is still bothered by allergies, please consult your doctor.

How to Manage A Fever

A fever by itself is not harmful. What counts is the cause. You do not have to give your child something for fever just because it is there.

A sick child of fever is usually highest around 6 pm until 3 am. If the fever is gone for the night, your child will almost certainly not have a temperature of the next day.

Indications for treatment of fever:
1 If the child has had a febrile seizure before.
2 If the fever is making the child irritable and uncomfortable. If the fever causes the child relaxed and sleepy can be left alone while the child is drinking enough fluids.


What to do

* Encouraged to leave the warmth of the body.
* Try to keep the room cool and low humidity.
* Having a constant flow of air.
* Keep your child in clothes undress or very lightly.

Remember that your child can only lose heat through the skin when it is hot and flushed. If your child feels the body is cold and shivering, wrapped the child until the skin is hot again, otherwise, none of these techniques work. Do not put the child in an ice bath.


Medicines
Ibuprofen and acetaminophen are available for children of fever. Talk to your doctor about medications to give your child.

Aspirin is not advisable for children to viral diseases because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.


Dosage
General outlines doses of ibuprofen and acetaminophen are provided by the manufacturer. Pediatricians prescribe a dose of 15 milligrams of the drug per kilogram of weight of the child:

* A baby of 10 kg would receive 150 mgs.
* A 15 kg of 3 years of age get 225 mgs.

The maximum dose for any child would be an adult dose of 500 mgs. The medicine can not be effective if the dose is too small for the weight of the child.

* Wait an hour to full effect.
* Do not repeat the dose for at least 8 hours (for ibuprofen) or 4 hours (acetaminophen).
* Repeat only if the indications for the treatment of fever have returned.
* If the fever persists for more than 72 hours, consult your doctor.

Safety in the Home

How can I prevent poisonings?

Lots of ordinary things in our homes can poison a child. Medicines, vitamins, plants, cosmetics, home cleaning, pesticides, paints and paint thinners, gasoline, antifreeze, alcohol and cigarettes can cause poisoning.

* Medicine is the most common cause of poisoning in children.
* Lock up your medicines and cleaning products, including camphor, pesticides and vitamin supplements of iron. Only a few strong iron tablets can kill a child.
* Some products have child-resistant safety caps. These caps are useful but not child-proof. It is safer to block all dangerous products, or put them where they know your child can not reach them.
* Keep all cigarettes, ashtrays and cigarette butts away from children. An intake of unsmoked cigarettes or simply two cigarette butts can make your child sick.
* Do not use cleaning products when children are very close. Many children are poisoned with cleaning products, while a father is using them. For example, a child can eat or inhale clean oven while you're cleaning the oven.
* Keep products in their own containers. Make sure they are clearly labeled.
* Learn to recognize poisonous plants from home.
* Do not take medicines in front of his son. Your child may try to copy you.
* Look at your child when you visit other houses of the village. Not be able to keep their dangerous products or locked out of their reach, especially if you do not have children.

Postpartum Support

It is common for women in Canada to be sent home from the hospital within 48 hours of giving birth, so the need for support and help at home has never been more important. Now is the time for you and your partner to develop a plan that will provide help after the baby is your born.Helping
Before your baby is born:

* Decide what strategies helped to reduce stress in the past.
* Stock the kitchen and freezer with basic foods and fast foods.
* Clean your house and fix, to minimize household chores after delivery.
* Organize your baby in the room, including storage of the baby supplies you will need.


After your baby is born:
* Take good care of yourself. Try to arrange private time, even a little.
* Relax about cleaning the house, consider using a cleaning service.
* Take a nap when you have some time.
* Make lists of daily activities, and cross off tasks as you complete them.
* Schedule of regular breaks during the day and make sure you have!


Partner Support
Parents / partners, you can help in many ways:


* Wake up at night to carry the baby to his (or her) when their mothers time to breastfeed.
* Change and bathe the baby.
* Take the baby and / or older children out for short periods to give the mother a break.
* Help with chores.
* Shop for groceries, prepare and cook meals.
* Do the laundry.
* Arrange for a babysitter and have your partner.
* Tell your partner what a great job he is doing.


Relatives and Friends

* Talk to your family about the types of help and you do not want.
* Be flexible - the support that you expect may not be what it offers.
* Make it clear that visitors must phone, instead of appearing unexpectedly.
* Set a time limit of stay of visitors.
* Delay visits with friends who expect to be treated as an "enterprise".
* Relatives and friends can help recover frozen casseroles or baked goods, or with the launch regular household chores, such as loading the dishwasher, throwing in a load of clothes, etc.
* Be firm with family members who are useful or too intrusive.
* Set limits ahead of time - you may feel less assertive after birth.
* Ask the family to benefit the children of their age or even do that overnight. His main job is to take care of your baby.

Community Support
* Ask the women in her neighborhood about services for new parents in their community.
* Get the hospital telephone number to help postpartum.
* To help breastfeeding, keeping the numbers of La Leche League and lactation local clinics.
* Find locations, hours and services in reception centers for new parents.
* Call your local public health department for information about their services.
* Ask about the new mother and father classes at your local hospital.
* Call the woman of her prenatal class for mutual support when the baby is born.

The Bond Between Parents & Children

The babies and their parents have a very special bond between them. The stronger you can make that link, the better for your baby.

How does this close to develop Bond?
Babies feel safe when they know they can rely on their parents for comfort and attention.

Babies cry for many reasons when you are hungry, tired or scared, when they are in pain or when they are sick. Crying or stick is the only way babies have to let you know something is wrong.

You can not be sure what your newborn baby cries in the media, but be patient. Before long, including her baby and learning to give the comfort of your baby needs.

Why is it so important to comfort babies?
By responding quickly to the comfort of your baby cries, he (or she) learns to depend on you. Her baby also needs to learn to trust that you will take care of him. This makes your baby feel safe and bonded to you, your parents, the most important people in your world.

His comforting makes your baby feel more willing to explore their environment. Comforting babies is the best way to love them.

If you ignore your baby cries, is angry with him, or if you want your baby or child to comfort you, you will learn not to depend on you.

Do not worry about spoiling your baby. Babies are not in bad shape if someone responds to their cries. Comforting babies is the best way to love them.

How can parents comfort babies?
It is important to respond quickly to your baby cries.

Here are some things to try:

* Look to the right in your baby's face and eyes to try to find out what is bothering her baby. Your baby cannot see clearly or very far. Bend down so your baby can look in the eye, or pick up your baby. Her baby facial expression can help you find out what the problem is. See your loving face can often help calm a baby.
* Keep your baby close. Talk calmly and quietly, or singing softly.
* Computers, rock and kiss her baby.

Some babies need more comforting than others, and some are harder to learn than others. You need to have patience.

If you are too tired or if you are worried about something else, it may be difficult to give your baby the attention it needs. And even if you want, sometimes you may not know what is wrong with your baby. This is normal.

Nobody is perfect. What matters is to try to comfort your baby most of the time.

How do you respond to your baby cries in the first year will help your child learn and develop for a long time.

So, show that your baby can depend on you. Touch and talk to your baby, and respond to their cries. This helps your baby feel loved, safe and secure.

Children who believe their parents protect them feel safe to go out and explore the world.

Comfort in the early months will help them play, learn, and get along with others as they get older.

Whats SIDS

Explaining of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

This is a disease whose presenting symptom is death. There are no warning signs. We put a healthy baby to bed and was killed in the morning. There are many identifiable risk reduction strategies of small island developing States and it is important that all caregivers are aware of them. (SIDS is when a baby dies unexpectedly while sleeping and no cause can be identified.)

for reminds all caregivers that sleep position is critical to reducing the risk of SIDS. Infants should be placed on his back when going to sleep in a crib empty complying with safety regulations. It is essential that your child has a safe sleep environment. Although it does not eliminate the risk of SIDS, which has undoubtedly proved to lessen the impact. It is also important that do not overheat your baby, avoid exposure to any kind of smoke, including second-hand smoke snuff, and, if possible, breastfeed your baby. It is also important to give babies tummy time when awake and can be supervised.


SPIKE unsafe sleeping infant mortality rate

A significant increase in preventing infant deaths from unsafe sleeping, such as overcrowding in cribs and beds to share with siblings or parents, health professionals should alert parents to follow the stricter guidelines for security sleeping. According to a recent report by the Ontario Office of the Chief Coroner, 21children died from unsafe sleeping arrangements in 2005, up from 16 in 2004. Ontario's Deputy Chief Coroner Dr. Jim Cairns said that the only sure way to a sleeping baby in a crib with a mattress properly installed. "No bumper pads, no toys, no blankets, no nothing," says Dr. Cairns. "A small baby blanket is okay, but must be tucked in."

Dr Cairns also warned parents against the popular trend of co-sleeping or sharing beds with young children because of the risk of rolling them, and the danger of suffocation from bedding.

Sharing the bed is particularly risky when nursing mothers to their babies into bed and sleep together. Babies also can fall out of bed or get trapped in the space between the mattress and wall or bed. Comforters or duvets can cover a baby's head and cause overheating, putting the baby in an increased risk of SIDS.

The Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) said that creating a safe environment for your baby to sleep reduces the risk of injury and SIDS. The CPS said that the safest place for your baby to sleep in a crib near their bed.


INSURANCE BREAK
* Put babies to sleep on their backs for the first year of life, not TUMMIES or its parts.

* Put babies to sleep in a crib with a proper mattress properly with a firm, flat surface. Water, air mattresses, pillows, couches and armchairs are not safe because babies can turn your stomach, and possibly suffocate.

* Do not put pillows, bumper pads, quilts, comforters or stuffed toys in the crib, except for a small blanket tucked in.

* Do not share your bed with your baby or child.

* Do not put your baby to sleep alone on a sofa, chair or sofa. The baby is at risk of suffocation when trapped by the sides or on the cushions.